Question EN: Why is ink formulation important in One Pass printing?
问题 CN： 为什么墨水配方对 One Pass 很重要？
Answer EN:
Ink formulation directly affects jetting stability, droplet formation, substrate interaction, drying or curing, adhesion, color and reliability. A One Pass printer and its ink should therefore be developed as a matched system.
答案 CN：
墨水配方直接影响喷射稳定性、墨滴形成、材料相互作用、干燥或固化、附着力、颜色和可靠性。因此 One Pass 打印机与墨水应该作为匹配系统进行开发。
Question EN: What ink properties are important for industrial inkjet printing?
问题 CN： 工业喷墨需要关注哪些墨水特性？
Answer EN:
Important properties include viscosity, surface tension, density, particle size where relevant, drying or curing behavior, stability and compatibility with the printhead and ink delivery system.
答案 CN：
重要特性包括黏度、表面张力、密度、在适用情况下的颗粒尺寸、干燥或固化特性、储存稳定性以及与打印头和供墨系统的兼容性。
Question EN: How does ink viscosity affect printhead performance?
问题 CN： 墨水黏度如何影响打印头性能？
Answer EN:
Viscosity influences the ability of the printhead to generate stable droplets. If viscosity is outside the suitable operating range, jetting can become unstable or inconsistent.
答案 CN：
黏度会影响打印头形成稳定墨滴的能力。如果黏度超出合适工作范围，喷射可能变得不稳定或不一致。
Question EN: How does surface tension affect inkjet printing?
问题 CN： 表面张力如何影响喷墨？
Answer EN:
Surface tension affects droplet formation and how ink interacts with the substrate. The correct balance is necessary for stable jetting and controlled spreading.
答案 CN：
表面张力会影响墨滴形成以及墨水与材料之间的相互作用。合理的平衡对于稳定喷射和控制扩散非常重要。
Question EN: What is ink wetting?
问题 CN： 什么是 Ink Wetting？
Answer EN:
Wetting describes how effectively ink spreads and establishes contact with the substrate surface. Proper wetting supports uniform dots, coverage and adhesion.
答案 CN：
Wetting 是指墨水在材料表面铺展并形成有效接触的能力。良好的润湿有助于形成均匀墨点、稳定覆盖和良好附着。
Question EN: What happens if ink wets the substrate too much?
问题 CN： 如果墨水在材料上过度润湿会怎样？
Answer EN:
Excessive spreading can reduce edge sharpness, alter color density and cause unwanted dot growth. Ink formulation and substrate treatment must therefore be balanced.
答案 CN：
过度铺展会降低边缘清晰度、改变颜色密度并造成不必要的墨点扩大。因此需要平衡墨水配方和材料表面处理。
Question EN: What happens if ink wetting is insufficient?
问题 CN： 如果润湿不足会怎样？
Answer EN:
Poor wetting can produce incomplete coverage, weak adhesion, uneven dots or poor color density. Surface preparation or ink formulation may need adjustment.
答案 CN：
润湿不足可能导致覆盖不完整、附着力不足、墨点不均匀或颜色密度不足。此时可能需要调整材料表面处理或墨水配方。
Question EN: What is UV ink?
问题 CN： 什么是 UV 墨水？
Answer EN:
UV ink is an ink system designed to cure through exposure to ultraviolet energy. It can provide rapid solidification and is widely used for applications requiring printing on diverse non-absorbent or specialty substrates.
答案 CN：
UV 墨水是一种通过紫外能量照射实现固化的墨水体系。它可以快速固化，因此广泛用于各种非吸收性或特殊承印材料。
Question EN: What is water-based ink?
问题 CN： 什么是水性墨水？
Answer EN:
Water-based ink uses water as a major carrier component. It is widely used in applications such as paper, corrugated and textile printing, with drying and substrate absorption characteristics playing important roles.
答案 CN：
水性墨水以水作为主要载体成分之一，广泛应用于纸张、瓦楞纸和纺织品等领域，其干燥和材料吸收特性非常重要。
Question EN: What is latex ink?
问题 CN： 什么是 Latex 墨水？
Answer EN:
Latex ink is a water-based ink technology that uses polymer components and controlled heating to form a durable printed layer. It is used for applications including signage, décor and certain flexible media.
答案 CN：
Latex 墨水是一种水性墨水技术，通过聚合物成分和受控加热形成耐久的打印层，可用于广告、装饰和部分柔性材料应用。
Question EN: Can One Pass use different ink technologies?
问题 CN： One Pass 可以使用不同类型的墨水吗？
Answer EN:
Yes. One Pass is a printing architecture rather than a single ink technology. Depending on the application, systems can be designed around UV, water-based, latex or other suitable ink technologies.
答案 CN：
可以。One Pass 是一种打印架构，而不是一种特定墨水技术。根据应用需求，可以采用 UV、水性、Latex 或其他适合的墨水体系。
Question EN: How should ink be selected for a One Pass application?
问题 CN： 如何为 One Pass 应用选择墨水？
Answer EN:
Start with the substrate and finished-product requirements, then evaluate adhesion, color, drying or curing, durability, regulatory requirements and production speed. The ink must also be compatible with the selected printhead.
答案 CN：
应该从承印材料和最终产品要求出发，再评估附着力、颜色、干燥或固化、耐久性、法规要求和生产速度，同时必须确认墨水与打印头兼容。
Question EN: How does ink stability affect industrial production?
问题 CN： 墨水稳定性如何影响工业生产？
Answer EN:
Poor ink stability can cause sedimentation, viscosity changes, filtration problems or nozzle inconsistency. Stable formulation and controlled storage conditions are therefore important for long production runs.
答案 CN：
墨水稳定性差可能导致沉降、黏度变化、过滤问题或喷嘴不一致。因此稳定的墨水配方和受控储存条件对长时间生产非常重要。
Question EN: Why is filtration important in One Pass ink systems?
问题 CN： 为什么 One Pass 供墨系统需要过滤？
Answer EN:
Filtration helps prevent unwanted particles from reaching sensitive printhead channels and nozzles. Appropriate filtration can reduce contamination-related failures and improve system reliability.
答案 CN：
过滤可以减少不需要的颗粒进入敏感的打印头通道和喷嘴。合理的过滤有助于降低污染导致的故障，提高系统可靠性。
Question EN: What is ink degassing?
问题 CN： 什么是墨水脱气？
Answer EN:
Ink degassing removes dissolved or entrained air from the ink. Excessive air can interfere with stable pressure and droplet formation in some inkjet systems.
答案 CN：
墨水脱气是去除墨水中溶解或夹带空气的过程。在某些喷墨系统中，过多空气可能影响供墨压力稳定性和墨滴形成。
Question EN: Why is ink temperature control important?
问题 CN： 为什么需要控制墨水温度？
Answer EN:
Temperature affects viscosity and other physical properties. Stable temperature helps keep jetting behavior more consistent during long industrial production runs.
答案 CN：
温度会影响墨水黏度和其他物理特性。稳定的温度有助于在长时间工业生产中保持更加一致的喷射状态。
Question EN: What is ink recirculation?
问题 CN： 什么是墨水循环？
Answer EN:
Ink recirculation continuously moves ink through parts of the ink delivery system or printhead structure. Depending on the architecture, it can help maintain ink condition and reduce settling or temperature variation.
答案 CN：
墨水循环是让墨水持续通过供墨系统或打印头结构的一部分进行流动。根据具体架构，它可以帮助保持墨水状态，并降低沉降或温度变化。
Question EN: Why can white ink require special ink management?
问题 CN： 为什么白墨通常需要特殊的墨水管理？
Answer EN:
White ink often contains a high concentration of pigment particles. These particles can settle more readily, so circulation, agitation, filtration and maintenance may require additional attention.
答案 CN：
白墨通常含有较高浓度的颜料颗粒，更容易出现沉降。因此循环、搅拌、过滤和维护通常需要额外关注。
Question EN: How does ink drying affect One Pass productivity?
问题 CN： 墨水干燥如何影响 One Pass 生产效率？
Answer EN:
Drying capacity can become a production bottleneck if ink is deposited faster than the system can dry or cure it. Therefore target speed must be evaluated together with ink load, substrate and drying or curing capacity.
答案 CN：
如果墨水沉积速度高于系统的干燥或固化能力，干燥系统就可能成为生产瓶颈。因此目标速度必须与墨量、材料以及干燥/固化能力一起评估。
Question EN: How does ink adhesion affect One Pass product quality?
问题 CN： 墨水附着力如何影响 One Pass 产品质量？
Answer EN:
Poor adhesion can cause scratching, peeling, cracking or failure during converting and use. Adhesion should be tested on the actual production substrate and after relevant finishing processes.
答案 CN：
附着力不足可能导致刮花、脱落、开裂，甚至在后加工和最终使用过程中失效。附着力应该在真实生产材料以及相关后加工之后进行测试。
Question EN: What is pigment concentration?
问题 CN： 什么是颜料浓度？
Answer EN:
Pigment concentration describes the amount of pigment contained within an ink formulation. It influences color strength, density and ink consumption, but higher pigment concentration does not automatically mean better overall performance.
答案 CN：
颜料浓度是指墨水配方中颜料的含量。它会影响颜色强度、密度和墨水消耗，但颜料浓度越高并不意味着综合性能一定越好。
Question EN: Why is pigment dispersion important?
问题 CN： 为什么颜料分散很重要？
Answer EN:
Stable pigment dispersion helps maintain consistent color and reduces the risk of particle-related nozzle problems. It is especially important for industrial systems operating continuously.
答案 CN：
稳定的颜料分散有助于保持颜色一致性，并降低颗粒导致喷嘴问题的风险。对于连续运行的工业系统尤其重要。
Question EN: Can different inks be mixed in one One Pass printer?
问题 CN： 不同墨水可以在一台 One Pass 设备中混用吗？
Answer EN:
Not unless the system and ink manufacturers explicitly validate compatibility. Mixing formulations can change viscosity, surface tension, curing behavior and chemical stability.
答案 CN：
除非设备和墨水供应商明确验证兼容，否则不建议混用。不同配方混合可能改变黏度、表面张力、固化性能和化学稳定性。
Question EN: How does ink shelf life affect production?
问题 CN： 墨水保质期如何影响生产？
Answer EN:
Ink properties can change during long-term storage, especially under unsuitable temperature conditions. Using ink within its validated shelf life helps reduce variability and unexpected printing problems.
答案 CN：
墨水在长期储存过程中可能发生性能变化，尤其是在不合适的温度条件下。按照经过验证的保质期使用墨水，有助于降低生产波动。
Question EN: Why should ink be tested under real production conditions?
问题 CN： 为什么墨水必须在真实生产条件下测试？
Answer EN:
Ink performance depends on the interaction between printhead, waveform, substrate, speed, temperature, drying or curing and color management. Laboratory tests alone may not reproduce the complete production environment.
答案 CN：
墨水性能受到打印头、波形、材料、速度、温度、干燥/固化和色彩管理共同影响。单纯实验室测试可能无法完全复制真实生产环境。
Question EN: What is ink consumption in One Pass printing?
问题 CN： One Pass 的墨水消耗量是什么？
Answer EN:
Ink consumption is the amount of ink required to produce a defined printed area or product. It depends on coverage, resolution, drop size, color separation, substrate and image content.
答案 CN：
墨水消耗量是生产一定打印面积或产品所需要的墨水数量。它受到图像覆盖率、分辨率、墨滴大小、分色、材料和图像内容影响。
Question EN: Why should ink cost be calculated per finished product?
问题 CN： 为什么应该按成品计算墨水成本？
Answer EN:
Ink cost per liter does not directly represent production economics. A better calculation considers actual ink consumption per square meter, sheet, box, label or finished product.
答案 CN：
单纯比较每升墨水价格不能直接代表生产经济性。更合理的方法是计算每平方米、每张、每个纸箱、每个标签或每个成品的实际墨水消耗。
Question EN: How does ink color gamut affect One Pass printing?
问题 CN： 墨水色域如何影响 One Pass？
Answer EN:
A wider achievable color gamut can reproduce a broader range of colors, but practical gamut depends on ink, substrate, profiling and color management. The same ink can perform differently on different substrates.
答案 CN：
更大的可实现色域可以再现更广泛的颜色范围，但实际色域取决于墨水、材料、ICC Profile 和色彩管理。同一种墨水在不同材料上的表现也可能不同。
Question EN: Can ink chemistry limit One Pass speed?
问题 CN： 墨水化学体系会限制 One Pass 速度吗？
Answer EN:
Yes. Drying or curing requirements, viscosity behavior and substrate interaction can limit practical speed. A high-speed system therefore requires the ink chemistry and finishing system to be designed together.
答案 CN：
可以。干燥或固化要求、黏度特性以及与材料的相互作用都可能限制实际生产速度。因此高速系统需要将墨水体系与干燥/固化系统共同设计。
Question EN: What is the best way to qualify an ink for a One Pass printer?
问题 CN： 验证一种墨水是否适合 One Pass 打印机的最佳方法是什么？
Answer EN:
Use a structured qualification program covering jetting stability, color, adhesion, drying or curing, durability, long-run reliability, maintenance behavior and actual production economics.
答案 CN：
应建立完整的墨水验证流程，包括喷射稳定性、颜色、附着力、干燥/固化、耐久性、长时间生产可靠性、维护表现和实际生产经济性。
